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In chemical kinetics, the order of reaction with respect to a given substance (such as reactant, catalyst or product) is defined as the index, or exponent, to which its concentration term in the rate equation is raised.〔(IUPAC's Goldbook definition of order of reaction )〕 For the typical rate equation of form , where (), (), ... are concentrations, the reaction orders (or ''partial'' reaction orders) are x for substance A, y for substance B, etc. The ''overall'' reaction order is the sum x + y + .... For many reactions, the reaction orders are ''not'' equal to the stoechiometric coefficients. For example, the chemical reaction between mercury (II) chloride and oxalate ion :2 HgCl2(aq) + C2O42−(aq) → 2 Cl−(aq) + 2 CO2(g) + Hg2Cl2(s) has the observed rate equation〔Petrucci R.H., Harwood W.S. and Herring F.G. ''General Chemistry'' (8th ed., Prentice-Hall 2002), p.585-6〕 : ''r'' = ''k''()1()2 In this case, the reaction order with respect to the reactant HgCl2 is 1 and with respect to oxalate ion is 2; the overall reaction order is 1 + 2 = 3. The reaction orders (here 1 and 2 respectively) differ from the stoichiometric coefficients (2 and 1). Reaction orders can be determined only by experiment. Their knowledge allows conclusions to be drawn about the reaction mechanism, and may help to identify the rate-determining step. Elementary (single-step) reactions do have reaction orders equal to the stoichiometric coefficients for each reactant. The overall reaction order, i.e. the sum of stoicheometric coefficients of reactants, is always equal to the molecularity of the elementary reaction. Complex (multi-step) reactions may or may not have reaction orders equal to their stoichiometric coefficients. Orders of reaction for each reactant are often positive integers, but they may also be zero, fractional, or negative. A reaction can also have an ''undefined'' reaction order with respect to a reactant if the rate is not simply proportional to some power of the concentration of that reactant; for example, one cannot talk about reaction order in the rate equation for a bimolecular reaction between adsorbed molecules: : ==Determination of reaction order== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「order of reaction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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